Define Archaeological Anthropology : Archaeological Anthropology is a subfield of anthropology that focuses on the study of human cultures and societies through the analysis of material remains and artefacts from the past.
It involves the integration of archaeological and anthropological methods to understand the behaviours, beliefs, and practices of ancient societies. This field provides insights into how people lived, interacted, and adapted to their environments in different historical periods.
Origin and Development in India:
Archaeological Anthropology in India has a rich history dating back to the early days of archaeological research. The exploration of ancient sites and excavation of artefacts began in the 19th century during the colonial period. However, it wasn’t until the mid-20th century that a more systematic approach to archaeological anthropology emerged.
One of the key figures in the development of archaeological anthropology in India was Dr. B.B. Lal. He played a significant role in integrating anthropological perspectives into archaeological research. His work on the Indus Valley Civilization and the excavation of various sites with a focus on understanding the cultural aspects of the past helped lay the foundation for this subfield in India.
Archaeological Anthropology gained further momentum with the establishment of institutions like the Deccan College Post-Graduate and Research Institute in Pune, which offered specialised courses and research opportunities in archaeological anthropology. These institutions helped in training scholars and researchers in interdisciplinary approaches to studying the past.
The study of skeletal remains and biological aspects of ancient populations also contributed to the growth of archaeological anthropology in India. Researchers began using osteological analyses to understand health, diet, migration patterns, and social structures of past societies. This integration of biological and cultural perspectives provided a more holistic understanding of ancient civilizations.