IGNOU BPHCT-137 Important Question & Exam Notes

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IGNOU BPHCT-137 Important Question & Exam Notes ,Top 20 Question of BPHCT-137

In a fluid medium, the speed of sound waves is ms 1 280  and its frequency is 450 Hz. Calculate the phase difference between two displacements of a particle of the medium at a point at time 10 s 3 apart.

Show that when two in-phase linearly polarised light waves are superposed, the resultant wave has fixed orientation as well as amplitude. Depict the orientation of electric field vector of the resultant wave in the reference plane.

Discuss the principle of Michelson interferometer. How is it used to determine the refractive index of a thin plate?

Describe the experimental set up for observing Newton’s rings. Show that the radius of a dark Newton’s ring is directly proportional to the square root of the radius of curvature of the lens used.

The inclined faces of a glass biprism ( = 1.5) make an angle of 1 with its base. The biprism is illuminated by a sodium lamp ( = 589 nm) and the eye piece is at a distance of 1 m from the slit. A convex lens inserted between the biprism and the eye piece gives clear images of coherent sources in the focal plane of the eye piece. If the images are 0.4 cm apart in one case and 0.16 cm apart in the second case, calculate the width of interference fringes observed on the screen.

A vertical single and double slits are illuminated by a point source. Discuss the salient features of their Fraunhofer diffraction patterns. Also, obtain an expression for intensity distribution in case of double slit.

Calculate the maximum number of principal maxima that can be formed with a grating having 4500 lines per cm for light of wavelength 490 nm.

Discuss applications of lasers in medicine and communication.

Define numerical aperture and angle of acceptance. An optical fiber has a numerical aperture of 0.20 and cladding refractive index of 1.59. Calculate the refractive index of the core material and the acceptance angle of the fibre in water whose refractive index is 1.33.

With the help of a labelled diagram, discuss lasing action of a He-Ne laser.

List and explain various types of losses in an optical fibre

Derive an expression for the displacement of the nth bright fringe in Young’s double-slit experiment when a thin transparent plate of refractive index  and thickness t is introduced in the path of one of the constituent interfering beams of light. Will there be any change in the fringe-width after the introduction of the plate?

Distinguish between fringes of equal inclination and fringes of equal thickness.

Newton’s rings are formed in reflected light of wavelength 5890 108cm with a liquid between the plane and curved surfaces. The diameter of the fifth ring is 0.3 cm and the radius of curvature of the curved surface is 100 cm. Calculate the refractive index of the liquid, when the ring is bright.

Explain how Michelson interferometer is used to determine the refractive index of a thin plate.

What is a zone plate? How does a positive zone plate differ from a negative zone plate? Show that each Fresnel zone has nearly the same area.

In the Fraunhofer diffraction pattern due to a single slit, the intensity of the central spot is maximum. Explain on the basis of geometrical considerations.

The Fraunhofer diffraction pattern due to a single slit of width 0.4 cm is obtained with the help of a lens of focal length 30 cm. If the wavelength of light used is 5890 Å, calculate the distance of the first dark fringe and the consecutive bright fringe from the axis.

The radius of the fifth zone of a zone plate is 2 mm. Considering the zone plate as a converging lens, calculate its focal length for light of wavelength 4800 Å

What do you understand by spatial and temporal coherence?

Explain the meaning of coherence length.

What is the difference between spontaneous emission of radiation and stimulated emission of radiation?

How is holography different from ordinary photography?

What are the advantages of using optical fibre as communication medium?

In a laser, the lasing levels are the first excited state and the ground state of the active medium. If the energy of the first excited state is 1.5eV, calculate the frequency of the laser light.

The refractive index of the core and cladding materials of an optical fibre is 1.46 and 1.38, respectively. Calculate the critical angle, numerical aperture and acceptance angle at the air-fibre interface.

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