| Question 1.What is HTTP ? Explain any four methods used by HTTP for data transfer . (December, 2013 ) Answer:HTTP stands for HyperText Transfer Protocol. It is a protocol used by web servers and clients to communicate with each other over the internet. HTTP is used to transmit data over the internet, such as web pages, images, videos, and other types of content. HTTP uses different methods or verbs to transfer data between the client and server. Here are four common HTTP methods used for data transfer: GET: This method is used to retrieve data from a web server. When you enter a URL in your web browser, the browser sends a GET request to the server, and the server responds with the requested data, such as a web page or an image. POST: This method is used to submit data to a web server. For example, when you fill out a form on a website and click submit, the browser sends a POST request to the server with the data you entered, and the server processes the data and responds with a result. PUT: This method is used to update or replace data on a web server. For example, if you want to update a file on a server, you can use the PUT method to send the updated file to the server. DELETE: This method is used to delete data from a web server. For example, if you want to delete a file from a server, you can use the DELETE method to send a request to the server to delete the file. |
| Question 2.How the “Disc User” is checked in Linux ? Explain with an example. (June, 2014 ) |
| Question 3.What are the data types defined by socket interface ? Also, explain the purpose of any four. (June, 2014 ) Answer:Socket interface ke dwaara kai tarah ke data types defined kiye gaye hai jo ki socket programming me kaam aate hai. Kuch important data types hai jaise: SOCK_STREAM: Ye data type TCP protocol ke liye use kiya jata hai. Ye ek reliable, connection-oriented aur byte-stream-oriented communication provide karta hai. SOCK_DGRAM: Ye data type UDP protocol ke liye use kiya jata hai. Ye unreliable, connectionless aur message-oriented communication provide karta hai. SOCK_RAW: Ye data type IP protocol ke liye use kiya jata hai. Ye application ko direct access provide karta hai IP layer se. SOCK_SEQPACKET: Ye data type reliable sequenced packet service provide karta hai. Ye SOCK_STREAM ke jaise hi kaam karta hai, lekin packets ki boundary ko maintain karta hai. Kuch data types ke kaam: SOCK_STREAM ka use server-client communication ke liye kiya jata hai. Ye reliable communication provide karta hai aur jaise hi connection establish ho jaata hai, communication start ho jaata hai. SOCK_DGRAM ka use time-sensitive data jaise video streaming ke liye kiya jata hai. Ye unreliable communication provide karta hai aur message ke delivery ko guarantee nahi karta hai. SOCK_RAW ka use IP packets ke header information ko read karne ke liye kiya jaata hai. SOCK_SEQPACKET ka use UNIX domain sockets me kiya jaata hai jaha ye reliable communication provide karta hai. |
| Question 4.Write the step by step procedure to 10 configure a Samba Server. Assume server IP address is 192.162.0.252 and server machine name is “IGNOU” (June, 2014 ) Answer:Samba Server configure karne ke liye, niche diye gaye steps follow kare: Sabse pehle samba server package ko install kare, jiski command Debian ya Ubuntu ke liye sudo apt-get install samba hai. Samba server ka configuration file /etc/samba/smb.conf me edit kare. sudo nano /etc/samba/smb.conf command ka use kare. File ke bottom me jaaye aur [shared] section create kare. Isme share ka naam specify kare aur uska path bhi specify kare. writeable = yes option set kare taaki users is share ko modify kar sake. Samba server restart kare sudo systemctl restart smbd command se. Samba server ko firewall ke through access ke liye open kare. Port 139 aur 445 ko allow kare. Samba server ko Windows machine se access karne ke liye, Windows machine me Run dialog box open kare aur \\192.162.0.252 me server ka IP address enter kare. Login credentials enter kare, jo Samba server me create kiye gaye users honge. File explorer me shared folder display hoga. Shared folder par right-click kare aur Map network drive select kare, jis se shared folder ko permanently map kiya ja sake. Is tarah se, Samba server configure karke, file sharing kar sakte hai multiple systems me. |
| Question 5.What is meant by socket ? Write the differences between active and passive sockets. (December, 2014 ) Answer:Socket ek network communication ke liye interface provide karta hai, jiska use processes (applications) kar sakte hai. Socket ka use ek device se dusre device me data transfer karne ke liye hota hai. Active socket (ya connected socket) ek socket hai, jo ek specific destination se connect kiya gaya hai. Ye socket communication ke liye ready hota hai aur data send aur receive kar sakta hai. Passive socket (ya listening socket) ek socket hai, jo incoming connection requests ko accept karta hai, lekin khud data send aur receive nahi kar sakta hai. Ye socket sirf connection request ko accept karta hai aur use accept karne ke baad, ek active socket create karke communication start karta hai. Kuch key differences active aur passive sockets ke beech me ye hai: Active sockets destination IP aur port ke sath bind hote hai, jabki passive sockets sirf port ke sath bind hote hai. Active sockets outgoing communication ke liye use kiye jaate hai, jabki passive sockets incoming communication accept karne ke liye use kiye jaate hai. Active sockets send aur receive dono kar sakte hai, jabki passive sockets sirf incoming connection requests ko accept kar sakte hai. Active sockets ka ek specific destination hota hai, jabki passive sockets ka koi specific destination nahi hota hai. |
| Question 6.Explain the various components of a URL using an example. (December, 2014 ) Answer:URL (Uniform Resource Locator) ek web page ko locate karne ke liye use kiya jaane wala identifier hai. Ek URL ka use kisi specific web page ko open karne ke liye kiya jaata hai. URL ke ke components hote hai, jinhe hamne neeche detail me explain kiya hai. Let’s take an example URL: https://www.example.com/path/to/page.html?query=123#anchor Protocol: Ye URL ke pahle wale hisse me hota hai, is example me “https” protocol hai, jo URL ke liye secure HTTP ka use karta hai. Domain Name: Ye URL ke dusre hisse me hota hai, is example me domain name “www.example.com” hai. Ye domain name web server ka address hai, jis par ye web page host kiya gaya hai. Path: Ye URL ke teesre hisse me hota hai, is example me “path/to/page.html” hai. Ye path web server ke directory structure ka part hai, jo specific web page ko locate karta hai. Query: Ye URL ke chauthe hisse me hota hai, is example me “?query=123” hai. Query web page ke specific content ko filter karta hai. Is example me query “123” ke sath “query” parameter hai. Anchor: Ye URL ke antim hisse me hota hai, is example me “#anchor” hai. Ye web page me specific location ko point karta hai, jise anchor kehte hai. URL ke components ko samajhna bahut zaroori hai, kyunki ye web page ko locate karne ke liye kisi browser ya kisi bhi web client me enter kiya jaata hai. |
| Question 7.What is ARP ? How does it differ from RARP and BOOTP ? Explain. (June, 2015 ) Answer: ARP ka matlab hota hai “Address Resolution Protocol”. Yah ek network protocol hai jo ek local network mein network address (jaise IP address) ko physical address (jaise MAC address) se map karna ke liye istemal hota hai. Jab koi device ek dusre device se local network par communicate karna chahta hai, to usko specified IP address wale device ke MAC address ko dhoondne ke liye ek ARP request bhejna hota hai. IP address match karne wali device apna MAC address bhej kar response karti hai, jisse requesting device sahi destination tak data bhej sakta hai. RARP ka matlab hota hai “Reverse Address Resolution Protocol”. Yah protocol physical address (jaise MAC address) ko network address (jaise IP address) se map karne ke liye istemal kiya jata hai. Yah ARP ke opposite hai jo network addresses ko physical addresses se map karta hai. BOOTP ka matlab hota hai “Bootstrap Protocol”. Yah protocol diskless workstations aur anya network devices ke boot process ke dauran IP addresses aur anya network configuration parameters ko automatic assign karne ke liye istemal kiya jata hai. Jabki in teeno protocols (ARP, RARP aur BOOTP) ko network addresses manage karne ke liye istemal kiya jata hai, lekin inke specific purposes aur inhe manage karne wale addresses mein antar hota hai. ARP IP addresses ko physical addresses se map karne ke liye istemal hota hai, RARP physical addresses ko IP addresses se map karne ke liye istemal hota hai aur BOOTP boot process ke dauran IP addresses aur anya network configuration parameters assign karne ke liye istemal hota hai. |
| Question 8.What is the purpose of byte ordering in network communication ? Also, write the functions used for byte ordering. (June, 2015) Answer:Byte ordering ka matlab hai multibyte data types (jaise integers aur floating-point numbers) ka tarike se memory mei represent karna. Network communication mei, data sahi se transmit aur interpret hone ke liye ek common byte ordering par agreement hona jaruri hai. Network communication mei do common byte orderings use kiye jaate hai: big-endian aur little-endian. Big-endian byte ordering mei, multi-byte data types ka most significant byte (MSB) lowest address mei store hota hai, jabki little-endian byte ordering mei, least significant byte (LSB) lowest address mei store hota hai. Network communication mei data sahi se transmit aur interpret hone ke liye, functions local byte order (jo system running the program use karta hai) aur network byte order (big-endian byte ordering) ke beech convert karne ke liye use kiye jaate hai. Byte ordering ke liye do sabse commonly used functions hai: htons() aur htonl(). htons() function (jo “host to network short” ka matlab hai) local byte order se network byte order mei 16-bit integer ko convert karta hai. htonl() function (jo “host to network long” ka matlab hai) local byte order se network byte order mei 32-bit integer ko convert karta hai. Isi tarah, network byte order se local byte order mei convert karne ke liye do functions hai: ntohs() aur ntohl(). ntohs() function (jo “network to host short” ka matlab hai) network byte order se local byte order mei 16-bit integer ko convert karta hai, jabki ntohl() function (jo “network to host long” ka matlab hai) network byte order se local byte order mei 32-bit integer ko convert karta hai. |
| Question 9.Explain the Distance vector routing algorithm with an example. (December, 2015 ) Answer:Distance Vector Routing Algorithm ek tarah ka Routing Algorithm hai jiske dwara Network main Router ki table updates hoti rehti hai. Ye Algorithm ek naya Routing table banata hai aur uske baad Network mein Routing information ko share karta hai. Is Algorithm mein Router apne neighbours se apne Routing table ka pata lagata hai. Jab Router ke pass Routing information aati hai, wo us information se apne Routing table ko update karta hai aur phir apne neighbours ko apni updated Routing table share karta hai. Aise hi, ye process bar bar chalta rahta hai aur sabhi Routers ki Routing table apni updated information se bhar jati hai. Distance Vector Routing Algorithm ka sabse famous example hai Routing Information Protocol (RIP). Jab RIP ka use kisi Network mein hota hai, to Router sabhi apne neighbours ke Routing table ka information ek dusre se share karte hai. Ye information unke sabhi neighbours ko pata chal jati hai, aur unke Routing table ko update karne ke liye bheji jati hai. Is process mein Router Distance aur Vector ko use karta hai apne Routing table ko update karne ke liye. Jaise ki agar hum ek example dekhein, to ek Network mein Router A, Router B, Router C aur Router D hain. Router A ke pass Routing table hai, jismein uske neighbours ke IP address aur cost ki information hai. Jab Router A apne neighbours ko apne Routing table ke baare mein batayega, to Router B apni Routing table ko Router A ke baare mein update karega, is tarah se sabhi Routers ke Routing table update honge. Is tarah, Distance Vector Routing Algorithm ek tarah ka Dynamic Routing Algorithm hai jo network mein Routing table ki information ko maintain karta hai aur use update karta rahta hai. |
| Question 10. (a) FTP Answer:FTP (File Transfer Protocol) ek internet protocol hai jiska upyog ek computer se dusre computer me files ko transfer karne ke liye kiya jata hai. FTP ka upyog karke hum ek computer se dusre computer me files upload ya download kar sakte hai. FTP ek client-server protocol hai, matlab ki ek computer FTP client hota hai jis se dusre computer FTP server hota hai. FTP client ek request bhejta hai FTP server ko files ko transfer karne ke liye, aur FTP server files ko FTP client ke pass transfer karta hai. FTP ek reliable protocol hai aur iska upyog wide-area network (WAN) aur local-area network (LAN) me kiya jata hai. FTP ka upyog karne ke liye ek FTP client software ka hona jaruri hai jo FTP server se connect kare aur files ko transfer kare. FTP client software me user ko FTP server ke login credentials dena padta hai jis se user FTP server me files ko transfer kar sake. |
| Question 11.(c) Gateways Answer:Gateways network devices hote hai jo do ya zyada alag protocols wale networks ko connect karte hai. Ye do networks ke beech mein ek bridge ki tarah kaam karte hai, jisse data dono taraf se transmit ho sake. Ek gateway ek hardware device ho sakta hai ya fir ek software program bhi ho sakta hai jo kisi computer par run karta hai. Ye ek network ke entry and exit point ke roop mein kaam karta hai, aur isme protocol conversion, data filtering aur routing jaisi alag-alag functions bhi perform karta hai. Gateways ki zarurat tab hoti hai jab do networks alag-alag communication protocols ka use karte hai, jaise ki ek local area network (LAN) ko internet se connect karne ke liye. Aise cases mein gateway protocols ke beech mein ek translator ki tarah kaam karta hai, jisse data networks ke beech mein transmit ho sake. Protocol conversion ke alawa, gateways security functions bhi perform kar sakte hai, jaise ki incoming aur outgoing data packets ko filter karke network ko unauthorised access se bacha sakte hai. Ye traffic flow aur load balancing ko manage karne ke liye bhi istemal kiya ja sakta hai, jisse network resources ko efficiently use kiya ja sake. Saaransh mein, gateways networks ko connect karne aur alag-alag protocols ka use karne wale networks ke beech mein data communication ko enable karne mein bahut mahatvapurn role nibhate hai. |
| Question 12.What is Virtual Private Network ? Compare VPN and FreeNX. (December, 2016 ) Answer:Virtual Private Network (VPN) ek secure network connection hoti hai jisse aap public internet ke through private network mein connect ho sakte hai. VPN aapki internet connection ko encrypt karta hai, jisse hackers aur third parties aapke data ko nahi dekh sakte hai. VPN ka use aap remote access ke liye, internet security ke liye aur geo-restrictions ko bypass karne ke liye bhi kar sakte hai. FreeNX ek remote desktop solution hai jisse aap ek computer se dusre computer par remotely connect ho sakte hai. FreeNX open-source software hai aur aap iska use apne computer par secure remote access ke liye kar sakte hai. FreeNX mein aapko high-performance aur low-latency remote access milta hai. VPN aur FreeNX dono mein kuch similarities hai, jaise ki secure remote access aur data encryption. Lekin VPN aur FreeNX ke functions alag-alag hai. VPN aapki internet connection ko secure karta hai, jabki FreeNX aapko remote access provide karta hai. VPN ka use aap internet security aur privacy ke liye karte hai, jabki FreeNX ka use aap remote work aur collaboration ke liye karte hai. Overall, VPN aur FreeNX dono mein alag-alag use cases hai, aur dono ka apna apna mahatva hai. Aapko apne specific use case ke hisab se in dono mein se sahi solution ko choose karna chahiye. |
| Question 13.Compare and contrast between POP and IMAP. (December, 2016 ) Answer:POP (Post Office Protocol) aur IMAP (Internet Message Access Protocol) dono email communication protocols hai. POP ke zariye, email server se email ko download karke aapke device ke local storage mein save kiya jata hai. Jab aap email ko download karte hain, tab uske sath sath server se delete bhi ho jata hai. Aap is tarah apne email ko kabhi bhi dekh sakte hain, bina internet connection ke bhi, lekin email server par se email permanently delete ho jata hai. IMAP ke zariye, email server par email ko store kiya jata hai aur aapke device par sirf email ke headers ya metadata download kiye jate hain. Jab aap email ko dekhne ke liye click karte hain, tabhi uska content download hota hai. Aap is tarah email server ke sath sync rahte hain aur aapka email server parse email permanently delete nahi hota hai. Iske alawa, IMAP ka use multiple devices mein email ko access karne ke liye accha hota hai, kyunki sabhi devices email server se sync hote hain aur ek hi state mein rehte hain. Jabki, POP email ko sirf ek hi device mein access karne ke liye accha hota hai. Toh, is tarah POP or IMAP ka use email communication ke liye kiya jata hai. POP email ko local storage mein save karta hai aur ek hi device ke liye accha hota hai. Jabki, IMAP email server par email ko store karta hai aur multiple devices ke liye accha hota hai. |
| Question14. (a) Explain the purpose and importance of the following header fields of TCP and IP protocols : (i) Protocol (ii) Sequence Number (iii) Version (iv) Type of Service (a) Header fields in TCP and IP protocols are crucial for ensuring reliable and efficient data transmission over the internet. The purpose and importance of the following header fields are: (i) Protocol: This field in the IP header specifies the protocol used in the data portion of the IP datagram. It tells the receiving device how to interpret the data that follows the IP header. For example, if the protocol field contains a value of 6, this indicates that the data following the IP header is TCP data. This field is essential for proper routing and delivery of IP packets. (ii) Sequence Number: In the TCP header, this field is used to keep track of the order in which data is transmitted and received. Each TCP packet has a sequence number, which helps the receiving device to assemble the data in the correct order. If packets arrive out of order, the sequence number can be used to reassemble them into the correct order. This field is crucial for ensuring reliable data transmission over TCP. (iii) Version: This field in the IP header specifies the version of the IP protocol being used. The version field is important because it determines how the IP datagram is interpreted by the receiving device. For example, IPv4 and IPv6 are two different versions of the IP protocol, and they have different packet formats and header fields. The version field ensures that the receiving device knows how to correctly interpret the IP datagram. (iv) Type of Service: This field in the IP header is used to indicate the priority of the IP packet. It tells the network how to handle the packet, based on its importance or urgency. For example, packets with a high priority might be given preferential treatment, such as being sent more quickly or with a higher quality of service. This field is important for ensuring that critical packets, such as those containing real-time voice or video data, are given the appropriate level of priority in the network. |
| Question 15. Write short notes on the following : (a) Network Monitoring Tools (b) FreeNX (c) Cloud Computing (d) Name Servers Answer: (a) Network Monitoring Tools: Network Monitoring Tools ek tarah ke software applications hote hai jo network administrators ko unke network infrastructure ke performance aur availability ko monitor aur manage karne me help karte hai. Ye tools network devices, applications, aur traffic ki real-time monitoring provide karte hai aur administrators ko potential issues aur outages ke baare me alert karte hai. Ye reporting aur analytics bhi provide karte hai jo trends identify karne me aur issues troubleshoot karne me help karte hai. (b) FreeNX: FreeNX ek remote desktop access solution hai jo users ko unke Linux ya Unix desktop environment ko kisi bhi client device se remotely access karne ki facility provide karta hai. FreeNX X Window System ka use karta hai ek secure aur efficient remote desktop experience provide karne ke liye. Ye users ko unke desktop environment aur applications ko access karne ki facility provide karta hai jaise wo unke Linux ya Unix computer ke saamne baithe hai. (c) Cloud Computing: Cloud Computing computing resources jaise servers, storage, aur applications ko internet ke through deliver karne ka ek model hai. Cloud computing users ko on-demand computing resources access karne ki facility provide karta hai aur unhe apne infrastructure me invest karna aur usko manage karna nahi padta. Cloud computing Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS), Platform as a Service (PaaS), aur Software as a Service (SaaS) jaise services offer karta hai. (d) Name Servers: Name Servers servers hote hai jo domain names ko IP addresses me translate karne ke responsible hote hai. Jab ek user apne web browser me ek domain name type karta hai, to browser name server ko ek request send karta hai domain name ko IP address me resolve karne ke liye. Name server domain name ke associated IP address ko look up karta hai aur browser ko usko return karta hai. Name servers internet infrastructure ka ek critical component hai, kyonki ye users ko easy-to-remember domain names ke use se websites aur other resources access karne ki facility provide karte hai instead of numeric IP addresses. |
| Question 16.(c) Write the syntax along with the parameters used by the following system calls : (i) accept ( ) (ii) listen ( ) (iii) send ( ) (iv) shutdown ( ) Answer: (c) Neeche diye gaye system calls ke syntax aur parameters hinglish me hai: (i) accept(): int accept(int sockfd, struct sockaddr *addr, socklen_t *addrlen); Ye system call ek server socket ke liye client connection ko accept karne ke liye use kiya jata hai. sockfd parameter socket file descriptor hai jise listen() system call ke baad return kiya jata hai. addr parameter ek pointer hai jo client ka address store karta hai. addrlen parameter client address ka length store karta hai. (ii) listen(): int listen(int sockfd, int backlog); Ye system call ek socket ko listen mode me set karne ke liye use kiya jata hai. sockfd parameter socket file descriptor hai jo socket ko represent karta hai. backlog parameter maximum number of pending connections ko represent karta hai. (iii) send(): ssize_t send(int sockfd, const void *buf, size_t len, int flags); Ye system call ek message ko ek socket se send karne ke liye use kiya jata hai. sockfd parameter socket file descriptor hai jise send() system call se pehle connect() system call se use kiya jana chahiye. buf parameter message ka pointer hai. len parameter message ka length hai. flags parameter message ki properties ko define karta hai. (iv) shutdown(): int shutdown(int sockfd, int how); Ye system call ek socket connection ko shutdown karne ke liye use kiya jata hai. sockfd parameter socket file descriptor hai jise shutdown() system call se pehle use kiya jana chahiye. how parameter connection ko kaise shutdown karna hai define karta hai. |
| Question 17.Explain any five disk management functions used by the network administrator. (June, 2018) Network administrators apne network mein disk resources ko manage karne ke liye alag-alag disk management functions ka istemal karte hain. Yahan paanch aise commonly used disk management functions hain: Disk partitioning: Disk partitioning ek physical disk ko ek ya ek se adhik logical disks mein divide karne ka process hai, jise partitions kaha jata hai. Network administrator ek single disk par multiple partitions create kar sakta hai aur unhe alag-alag users, applications ya operating systems ke liye allocate kar sakta hai. Disk partitioning disk space ko effective tarike se organize aur manage karne mein madad karta hai. Formatting: Formatting disk ko use ke liye taiyar karne ka process hai jisme use par ek file system create kiya jata hai. Network administrator disk ko network ki needs ke anusar NTFS, FAT32 ya exFAT jaise kuch file system types mein format kar sakta hai. Formatting ensure karta hai ki disk sahi tarike se structured hai aur data ko store karne ke liye ready hai. Disk defragmentation: Disk defragmentation disk par files ko reorganize karne ka process hai, taki woh contiguous ho jaye aur fragmentation kam ho jaye. Jab files disk par multiple locations par store hote hain, tab fragmentation hota hai, jisse access time slow ho jata hai. Network administrator ek defragmentation tool ko use karke disk ke performance ko optimize kar sakta hai. Disk cleanup: Disk cleanup ek process hai jisme disk se anivarya files ko remove karke space ko free karne ka process hai. Network administrator temporary files, log files aur dusre anivarya files ko delete karne ke liye disk cleanup tool ka istemal kar sakta hai, jo disk par accumulate ho jate hain aur valuable space ko le lete hain. Disk cloning: Disk cloning ek disk ya partition ka ek exact copy create karne ka process hai. Network administrator important data ka backup, data ko new disk ya partition par migrate karne ya disaster recovery purposes ke liye ek disk image create karne ke liye disk cloning ka istemal kar sakta hai. Disk cloning tools ka istemal bhi ek operating system aur software configurations ko multiple machines ke across replicate karne ke liye kiya ja sakta hai. |
| Question 18.What is Virtual Private Network (VPN) ? Write its advantages and disadvantages. Also compare VPN with Free NX. (June, 2018) Virtual Private Network (VPN) ek aisi technology hai jisse aap apni internet connection ko secure tarike se access kar sakte hai. VPN ka use karke aap apni internet connection ko ek remote server ke through tunnel kar sakte hai, jisse aapki online activities aur data ko secure tarike se transfer kiya ja sake. VPN ki madad se aap apni internet connection ko unsecured network se bhi access kar sakte hai jaise ki public Wi-Fi hotspots. Advantages of VPN: Security: VPN ki sabse badi advantage hai security. VPN ka use karke aap apni online activities aur data ko encrypt kar sakte hai, jisse hackers aur third-party users aapke data ko access nahi kar sakte. Remote Access: VPN ki madad se aap apne office network ko access kar sakte hai, chahe aap kahi bhi ho. Isse aapki kaam ki flexibility badhti hai aur aap kahin se bhi apne office work ko handle kar sakte hai. Privacy: VPN aapki online privacy ko bhi maintain karta hai. VPN ka use karne se aapke online activities aur data ki tracking nahi ho pati hai. Cost-effective: VPN ki cost bahut kam hoti hai, jisse small businesses aur individuals bhi VPN ka use kar sakte hai. Disadvantages of VPN: Speed: VPN ka use karne se internet connection ki speed kam ho sakti hai. Isse aapki online activities aur data transfer slow ho sakte hai. Compatibility: VPN ke sabhi protocols aur applications sabhi devices aur operating systems ke saath compatible nahi hote hai. Complex setup: VPN ka setup thoda complex hota hai aur non-technical users ko isme kuch problems ho sakti hai. Comparison between VPN and FreeNX: FreeNX is a remote desktop access solution, while VPN is used for secure internet connection. Both technologies have their own advantages and disadvantages. Advantages of FreeNX: User-friendly: FreeNX ka use karne ke liye user-friendly interface available hai, jisse aap apni Linux desktop environment ko easily access kar sakte hai. Remote Access: FreeNX ki madad se aap apne Linux desktop environment ko kahin se bhi access kar sakte hai. Speed: FreeNX ki speed bahut acchi hoti hai, jisse aapki online activities aur data transfer fast ho sakte hai. Disadvantages of FreeNX: Compatibility: FreeNX sabhi devices aur operating systems ke saath compatible nahi hota hai. Security: FreeNX aapki online security ko maintain nahi karta hai. Complex setup: FreeNX ka setup thoda complex hota hai aur non-technical users ko isme kuch problems ho sakti hai. VPN aur FreeNX dono ke apne advantages aur disadvantages hai, isliye aapko apne requirements aur needs ke according dono technologies ki comparison karni chahiye aur phir decide karna chahiye ki kaunsa technology aapke liye best hai. |
If you are on this Page You Want to Download IGNOU BCS-052 Important Questions 2021 Network Programming and Administration In this section, You will find all the Exam important Questions of all courses which are divided by the Section “SEMESTER WISE”.
First of all, I will tell you that why Important Questions are so important. Here are some points-:
- Makes the revision process quick
- Improve memory
- Important Question increase attention to learn
- Organize study material
- Separate key points from supporting material
Ignou Divided their Books into the block and it looks like so much to study. So now you Guys Don’t Need to Worry about Learning. We are here to provide you all the important Questions of all Courses and Subjects Separately & absolutely free.
In this Important Question, you will cover all the Important Topics, Question, Chapter summary, Book Question, and Many More kinds of Stuff.
You can read or download these Notes as per your requirements. We will provide the link to download and also attached the file if you don’t want to download it
3rd Most Important Question
How to Download IGNOU BCS 052 Important Questions Network Programming and Administration-
Here are the steps to download the IGNOU BCS 052 Important Questions
- Choose Your Important Question
- Click on the Important Question Link.
- The Semester wise Important Question page is Open and Now Choose as you want
- Click on the Download Link
- And Print or save PDF of study material on your phone or laptop.
Important Question Disclaimer:
All these Important Questions are prepared by the Ex-Ignou & Present ignou Bonafide Students. Their Experiences are really going to help you to score 80+ in your TEE.
With all this information, We also Clarify here that everything here (Notes, Assignment, Old Questions, And Important Question) are made by Using IGNOU Books and Also Internet sources.