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| S.NO | These are the Important Question of IBO-03 |
| 1 | What are the benefits and facilities provided to exporters for Export Promotion ? Discuss them with examples. |
| 2 | Describe the major provisions of recent Import Policy as a part of Foreign Trade Policy of GOI. |
| 3 | What is GATS ? How is it helpful in trade of services Internationally ? What services are exported from India ? Discuss the steps taken by GOI in promoting export of services. |
| 4 | Explain the export promotion measures initiated by Government of India to boost exports from India. |
| 5 | How are exports of services different from merchandise exports ? Discuss the main issues of International trade in services. |
| 6 | What are Export Oriented Units (EOUs) ? How can EOUs be established ? Discuss the benefits and facilities available to EOUs in India. |
| 7 | Explain the most significant issues in the world trade with examples. |
| 8 | Explain the major provisions of India’s foreign trade policy. How – has it benefitted the exporters of our country ? Discuss with suitable examples. Answer: Bharat ke videshi vyapar niti ke pramukh prabandh hain: Vyapar niti ke tahat, videshi vyapar karne wale vyapariyon ko bharpur suvidhaen upalabdh karai jaati hain. Yeh prabandh desh mein vyapar ki vriddhi karne mein sahayak hote hain aur vyapariyon ko anek prakar ke labh pradaan karte hain. Niryat karne wale vyapariyon ko bhi alag-alag prakar ke labh pradaan kiye jaate hain. Unhe tax exemption, shulk pratibadhata, vyapar pratinidhiyon ke roop mein suvidhaen pradaan ki jaati hain. Niryat karne wale vyapariyon ko apne utpaadon ko videshi bazaar mein bechne ke liye sahayta pradaan ki jaati hai. Unhe sthaniya vyapar mein upalabdh suvidhaon ke saath hi videshi vyapar mein bhi unki madad ki jaati hai. Videshi bazaar mein utpaadon ke bikri ke liye vyapariyon ko anudan bhi pradaan kiye jaate hain. Is niti ne desh ke niryat karne wale vyapariyon ko kai tarah ke labh pradaan kiye hain. Iske madhyam se desh mein vyapar ka vistar hua hai aur isse kai tarah ke utpaad videsh mein bikne lage hain. Udaharan ke roop mein, “Make in India” abhiyan ke tahat, India mein banaye gaye utpaadon ko videshi bazaar mein bechne ke liye suvidha pradaan ki jaati hai. Isse desh ke niryat karne wale vyapariyon ko videshi bazaar mein apne utpaadon ke liye naye avsar prapt hote hain aur desh ki arthavyavastha ko bhi fayda hota hai. Iske alava, “Export Promotion Capital Goods Scheme (EPCG)” ke tahat, niryat karne wale vyapariyon ko kapda, kood, joota aur dusre utpaadon ki videshi bazaar mein bikri ke liye aavashyak machinery kharidne mein madad pradaan ki jaati hai. Isse niryat karne wale vyapariyon ki labh badhti hai aur videshi bazaar mein bhi unki utpaadon ke bechne ke avsar badhte hain. Is tarah se, Bharat ke videshi vyapar niti ke prabandh desh ke niryat karne wale vyapariyon ko anek tarah ke labh pradaan karte hain aur desh ki arthavyavastha mein vruddhi laate hain. |
| 9 | Describe the components of the Balance of Payments account of India. What have been the main causes of the adverse balance of payments position in India ? Discuss. Answer: Bharat ke Vipnan Ka Hisaab kitab ke vibhinn aanshton ka varnan hai: Videshi Mudra Vipnan: Is hisab kitab mein sabse mahatvapoorn hissa Videshi Mudra Vipnan hai. Yeh hissa desh mein aane vaale aur desh se bahr jaane vaale dhan ka vivran prastut karta hai. Videshi Niryat Vipnan: Yeh hissa videshi niryat se judi hui dhanrashi ka vivran prastut karta hai. Yahan par videshi deshon mein beche jaane vaale bhugataan aur desh ke niryat karne vaale dhan ko samaapt karne ke liye prathamikta di jaati hai. Videshi Nivesh Vipnan: Is hisab kitab mein, videshi nivesh ke saath judi hui dhan rashi ka vivran prastut kiya jaata hai. Is hisab kitab mein, videshi nivesh ke prati desh ki upalabdhata aur nivesh karne vaale desh ki swachchata bhi shamil hoti hai. Isthitiyaatmaka Mudra Vipnan: Yeh hissa videshi mudraon ki sankhya aur desh ki mudraon ke vishesh parivartan se judi hui dhanrashi ka vivran prastut karta hai. Aur Baki Vipnan: Is hisab kitab mein, anya vipnan jaise ki vyaktigat bhrashtachar, kar, aur abhibhavak kshamata se judi hui dhan rashi ka vivran prastut kiya jaata hai. Desh ke Vipnan Ka Hisaab Kitab mein bura parinaam aane ki mukhya karanon mein se kuchh hain: Karkhanaon aur udyogon mein krishi se adhik dhyan diya jaane ki vajah se khud ke khaad ke utpaad se jyada khaad ki avashyakta hoti hai. Is vajah se desh ko khaad aur khadya utpaadon ke liye videshi mudra ki avashyakta hoti hai. Videshi mudra ke mahngai ke karan, desh mein videshi bajar se bahar jaa rahe dhan ki sankhya badh jaati hai, jisse Vipnan Ka Hisaab Kitab mein bura parinaam hota hai. Bharat ke deshi udyogon ko abhibhavak kshamata ka abhav aur avishvas kuchh khaas kshetron mein bhi hai. Iska parinaam hai ki desh ke log videshi utpaadon ko jyada pasand karte hain aur isse desh ke Vipnan Ka Hisaab Kitab ko bura prabhav padta hai. Iske alava, mukt vyapar aur videshi mudra ke vipnan mein adhik sankhya ke badhne se bhi desh ke Vipnan Ka Hisaab Kitab mein bura parinaam hota hai. Isliye, desh ko apne udyogon ko badhava dene, abhibh |
| 10 | Outline the changing pattern of India’s foreign trade with reference to its composition and direction. Answer: |
| 11 | What are the export prospects of handicrafts and gems and jewellery ? Explain the measures for development of exports thereof. Answer: |
| 12 | Discuss the important issues involved in the World trade, and state the role of WTO in ensuring smooth trade flows.(December, 2013 ) Answer: World trade ke mamle mein kai mahatvapurn issues hai jisne mujhe dhyan rakhna jaruri hai. Tariff aur Non-Tariff Barriers: Kuch desh apne products ke export aur import ko regulate karne ke liye tariffs (import duties) ka upyog karte hai jo bahar ke products ke import mein samanvayak tax hai. Non-tariff barriers bhi trade ko rokne ka ek common tareeka hai, jaise ki sanitary aur phytosanitary regulations. Globalisation aur its effects: Globalization ke kaaran desh ke bich trade ka vistaar hua hai aur products aur services ke bikri ke global market mein aavashyakta badh gayi hai. Lekin globalization ke kaaran developed desh ke workers ke jobs ke threat ho sakte hain aur developing desh mein child labour aur environment ke damage ka risk hai. Intellectual Property Rights: Products ke designs, trademarks, patents aur copyrights ke protection ke liye Intellectual Property Rights ka upyog kiya jata hai. Inhe protect karne se company aur creators ke original products aur ideas ke misuse se bachaya ja sakta hai. Fair Trade Practices: Kai companies trade ke dauraan unfair practices ka upyog karti hain jisse competition ke saamne handicap ho jate hain. Isliye, fair trade practices promote karne ke liye international agreements bhi hain. In short, world trade ke issues mein tariffs, non-tariff barriers, globalisation and its effects, intellectual property rights aur fair trade practices shamil hai jisne hume dhyan rakhna jaruri hai. WTO (World Trade Organization) trade ke flows ko smooth banaye rakhne ka ek important role nibhata hai. Trade ke agreements ke monitor aur enforce karne ke liye: WTO ke members ke beech negotiated trade agreements ko monitor aur enforce kiya jata hai taaki sabhi members ke rights aur obligations ko poori tarah se nibhaya ja sake. Tariffs aur non-tariff barriers ko regulate karne ke liye: WTO trade barriers jaise ki tariffs aur non-tariff barriers ko regulate karne ke liye upyog karta hai taaki desh ke beech trade ka flow smooth rahe. Dispute resolution ke liye: Agar koi trade dispute ho jaye to WTO usko resolve karne ke liye upyog karta hai taaki trade ke disputes ke hal ke liye samjhauta ho sake. Technical assistance aur capacity building ke liye: Developing countries ke trade ke capabilities ko badhane ke liye, WTO technical assistance aur capacity building programs provide karti hai. In short, WTO trade ke flows ko smooth banaye rakhne ke liye trade agreements ke monitor aur enforce karne, tariffs aur non-tariff barriers ko regulate karne, dispute resolution ke liye upyog karna aur technical assistance aur capacity building ke liye programs provide karna jaise important roles nibhata hai. |
| 13 | Explain the INDO-ASEAN trade and economic relations, and assess the trade prospects between India and ASEAN region in the years to come.(December, 2013 ) Answer:Indo-ASEAN trade aur economic relations ek bahut important relationship hai jisme India aur ASEAN (Association of Southeast Asian Nations) ke beech trade aur investment ke opportunities increase hote hain. ASEAN countries mein Indonesia, Vietnam, Thailand, Philippines, Malaysia, Singapore, Myanmar, Cambodia, Laos aur Brunei included hain. Trade Relations: India aur ASEAN ke beech trade relations strong hain. India ASEAN ke sabse important trading partner hai aur ASEAN India ke sabse important regional trading bloc hai. Dono countries ke beech goods aur services trade increase hua hai. Investment Relations: India aur ASEAN ke beech investment relations bhi increase hote ja rahe hain. ASEAN countries India mein investment kar rahe hain aur India bhi ASEAN countries mein investment kar raha hai. Regional Integration: India aur ASEAN ke beech regional integration ke liye steps liye gaye hain, jisse dono countries ke beech trade aur investment ke barriers kam hote hain. Joint Ventures: India aur ASEAN countries mein joint ventures bhi increase hote ja rahe hain jisse dono countries ke businesses aur economies grow kar rahe hain. In conclusion, Indo-ASEAN trade aur economic relations ek strong aur important relationship hai jisme trade aur investment ke opportunities increase hote hain aur dono countries ke businesses aur economies grow karte hain. India aur ASEAN region ke beech ke trade prospects future mein bahut positive hain. Kyunki: Growing Economies: ASEAN countries mein bahut se rapidly growing economies hain jo future mein bahut jyada growth ke liye potential hain. India bhi ek rapidly growing economy hai jisme future mein bahut jyada growth expected hai. Increased Trade and Investment: India aur ASEAN ke beech trade aur investment future mein increase honge kyunki dono countries ke businesses aur economies grow kar rahe hain aur kai joint ventures establish ho rahe hain. Regional Integration: ASEAN aur India ke beech regional integration ke liye kai steps liye gaye hain jo future mein trade aur investment ke barriers kam karne ke liye help karenge. Growing Consumer Markets: ASEAN aur India mein bahut se rapidly growing consumer markets hain jinme future mein bahut jyada growth expected hai. In conclusion, India aur ASEAN region ke beech ke trade prospects future mein bahut positive hain kyunki growing economies, increased trade and investment, regional integration aur growing consumer markets ke reasons se. |
| 14 | Describe India’s competitive advantages in exports of Indian electronic goods. What strategy would you suggest to boost exports ? (December, 2014) Answer: India ke electronic goods ke exports mein competitive advantages hain: Cost Effective: India ke electronic goods ke production cost low hain, jisse Indian manufacturers competitive prices offer kar sakte hain aur foreign markets mein apne products ko sell kar sakte hain. Skilled Labor Force: India mein trained aur skilled workforce hai, jisse high-quality products ke production mein expertise available hai. Growing Domestic Market: India ke domestic market bhi grow kar raha hai, jisse Indian manufacturers ke liye increased demand aur business opportunities available hain. Favorable Government Policies: Indian government ne electronics manufacturing aur exports ke liye favorable policies provide ki hai, including subsidies, tax benefits, aur infrastructure development. Diversified Product Portfolio: India ke electronic goods ke product portfolio diversified hai, including consumer electronics, medical devices, aur aerospace components, jisse Indian manufacturers different markets mein apne products ko sell kar sakte hain. Growing R&D Investment: India mein research aur development ke investment bhi grow kar rahe hain, jisse Indian manufacturers latest technology aur innovation ke exposure aur access ke liye equipped hote hain. In conclusion, yeh factors, including cost-effectiveness, skilled labour force, growing domestic market, favorable government policies, diversified product portfolio, aur growing R&D investment, India ke electronic goods ke exports mein competitive advantages banate hain. Boost exports ke liye kuch strategies suggest karte hain: Diversification of Export Markets: India ko apne existing export markets ke sath new markets explore karne ke liye efforts karni chahiye, jisse uska dependence ek specific market par reduce ho aur risk minimised ho. Promotion of Brand India: India ko apne products aur services ke brand value ko improve karna chahiye, jisse uske exports ko increase kiya ja sake aur foreign markets mein trust aur recognition badh sake. Focus on Quality: India ko apne products ke quality ko improve karna chahiye, jisse uske exports ko attract karne aur retain karne mein help ho. Encouragement of Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs): Indian government ko small aur medium enterprises ke liye support provide karna chahiye, including access to finance, technology, aur market information, jisse unka competitiveness aur exports increase ho. Investment in Infrastructure: India ko apne infrastructure ko improve karna chahiye, including ports, airports, aur transportation network, jisse exports ke logistics aur delivery aur efficiency improve ho. Trade Agreements: India ko apne trade agreements ke sath review karna aur new agreements establish karna chahiye, jisse uske exports ko benefits provide ho aur barriers reduce ho. In conclusion, yeh strategies, including diversification of export markets, promotion of brand India, focus on quality, encouragement of SMEs, investment in infrastructure, aur trade agreements, India ke exports ko boost karne ke liye helpful ho sakte hain. |
| 15 | What factors have contributed to the spurt in India’s Exports ? Discuss the government Exim Policy measures which have helped in growth of India’s Exports. (June, 2015) Answer:India ke exports ke spurts ke contributing factors hain: Economic Reforms: Indian government ke economic reforms ke implementation ke result main exports mein growth hui hai, including liberalisation, deregulation, aur globalisation ke policies. Growing Domestic Market: India ke domestic market bhi grow kar raha hai, jisse Indian manufacturers ke liye increased demand aur business opportunities available hain. Skilled Labor Force: India mein trained aur skilled workforce hai, jisse high-quality products ke production mein expertise available hai. Favorable Government Policies: Indian government ne exports ke liye favorable policies provide ki hai, including subsidies, tax benefits, aur infrastructure development. Diversified Product Portfolio: India ke exports ke product portfolio diversified hai, including agricultural products, textiles, aur engineering goods, jisse India ke exports ke demand multiple markets mein increase hua hai. Growing R&D Investment: India mein research aur development ke investment bhi grow kar rahe hain, jisse Indian manufacturers latest technology aur innovation ke exposure aur access ke liye equipped hote hain. Trade Agreements: India ke bahut saare trade agreements hain, jisse uske exports ke barriers reduce hote hain aur new markets access karne mein help milti hai. In conclusion, yeh factors, including economic reforms, growing domestic market, skilled labour force, favorable government policies, diversified product portfolio, growing R&D investment, aur trade agreements, India ke exports ke spurts ke contributing hain. Indian government ke Exim policy ke measures jo India ke exports ke growth mein help karte hain, woh hain: Duty Drawback Scheme: Yeh scheme exporters ko customs aur excise duties ke refund provide karti hai, jisse unko cost savings aur competitiveness provide hoti hai. Market Access Initiative: Yeh initiative exporters ko foreign markets access karne mein help karti hai, including market information, trade promotion, aur trade negotiations. Export Promotion Capital Goods (EPCG) Scheme: Yeh scheme exporters ko capital goods import karne ke liye duty benefits provide karti hai, jisse unke production capacity aur competitiveness increase hota hai. Advance Authorization Scheme: Yeh scheme exporters ko raw materials aur inputs import karne ke liye duty benefits provide karti hai, jisse unke production costs reduce hote hain. Export Oriented Units (EOUs) and Software Technology Parks (STPs): Yeh units aur parks exporters ko tax benefits aur infrastructure support provide karte hain, jisse unka competitiveness increase hota hai. Foreign Trade Agreements (FTAs): India ne bahut saare foreign trade agreements sign kiye hain, jisse uske exports ke barriers reduce hote hain aur new markets access karne mein help milti hai. In conclusion, yeh measures, including duty drawback scheme, market access initiative, EPCG scheme, advance authorization scheme, EOUs aur STPs, aur FTAs, India ke exports ke growth ke liye helpful hain. |
| 16 | Describe the major problems faced by Indianexporters ? Suggest measures to overcome these effectively. (December, 2015) Answer: Infrastructural constraints: India’s infrastructure, such as ports, roads, and logistics, is not yet at a level to support efficient exports, leading to bottlenecks and increased costs. Competition with low-cost countries: India faces intense competition from other low-cost countries, especially in industries like textiles and electronics, making it difficult for Indian companies to remain competitive in the global market. Compliance with regulations: Exporters face difficulties in meeting the complex and constantly changing regulations in the countries they are exporting to, which can result in delays and added costs. Currency fluctuations: The fluctuation in the value of the Indian Rupee can greatly impact the competitiveness of Indian exports in the global market. Lack of marketing and promotion: Indian exporters often lack the resources to effectively market and promote their products in foreign markets, making it difficult to attract new customers and retain existing ones. Access to finance: Exporters, especially small and medium-sized enterprises, may struggle to access the financing they need to expand their operations and enter new markets. Quality control: Maintaining consistent quality standards and ensuring compliance with international quality norms can be a challenge for Indian exporters, especially in industries like agriculture and handicrafts. Red tape and bureaucratic barriers: Indian exporters may face bureaucratic barriers and red tape in the form of complex procedures and regulations, leading to delays and increased costs. Improving infrastructure: The government can invest in the development of ports, roads, and logistics infrastructure to support efficient exports and reduce bottlenecks. Encouraging innovation: The government can provide financial incentives and support for research and development in key export industries, to help Indian companies stay ahead of the competition. Streamlining regulations: The government can simplify regulations and procedures related to exports, making it easier for companies to comply with regulations in foreign markets. Managing currency fluctuations: The government can implement policies to manage the volatility of the rupee and minimize its impact on exports. Marketing and promotion: The government can provide support and resources to help Indian exporters market and promote their products in foreign markets. Access to finance: The government can provide financial support and incentives to help exporters access the financing they need to expand their operations and enter new markets. Quality control: The government can provide training and support for quality control, to help Indian exporters meet international quality standards and remain competitive in the global market. Reducing red tape: The government can simplify procedures and reduce bureaucratic barriers, making it easier for Indian exporters to do business. |
| 17 | Non-border aspects affecting international trade in services. Answer:Regulation ka framework: Services ke liye cross border regulations alag-alag deshon mein bahut fark kar sakte hain. In regulations ke harmonisation ki kami trade in services mein barrier ban sakti hai aur service providers ke new markets mein expand karne mein dikkat ho sakti hai. Economic stability: Local economy ke stability demand foreign services ke liye badhai yeh ghatane ke liye affect kar sakti hai. Economic uncertainty ya recession ke waqt, services ki demand ghat sakti hai, jisse international trade in services volume mein kami aa sakti hai. Skilled labor: Ek industry mein skilled workers ki kami us industry ke growth ko limit kar sakti hai, trade in services ke liye bhi yahi haal hai. Skilled workers ki kami service providers ke liye bhi higher cost ban sakte hain, jo unke services ke international market mein competitiveness ko kam kar sakte hain. Language aur cultural differences: Communication aur cultural barriers new markets mein expand karne wali service providers ke ability ko affect kar sakte hain. Providers ko language training aur cultural sensitivity programs invest karne ki jarurat ho sakti hai, in barriers ko overcome karne ke liye. Infrastructure: Adequate infrastructure trade in services ke growth ke liye crucial hai. Yeh reliable transportation networks, communications networks aur energy systems ko include karti hai. Infrastructure ki kami ke kaaran costs badh sakte hain aur services ke international markets mein competitiveness kam ho sakti hai. Sarkari policies: Sarkari policies trade in services par badi impact dal sakti hain, particularly regulations aur incentives ke hisaab se. Investment, innovation aur service industries ke growth promote karne wale policies trade in services ke growth ko encourage karte hain. Competition: Kisi particular market mein competition level trade in services ke growth par affect kar sakti hai. Highly competitive markets mein, service providers ko innovate aur unke services ke quality ko improve karna hoga, competitive rehne ke liye. Intellectual property rights: Intellectual property rights ke protection trade in services ke growth ke liye essential hai, particularly jin service providers ke paas unke intellectual assets hain unke services provide karne ke liye. Intellectual property rights ke protection ki kami service providers ke international markets mein competitiveness ko kam kar sakti hai. Technology: Technology ke advances trade in services par badi impact dal sakte hain. Internet aur communication technologies ka widespread use karne se service providers ke new customers tak pahunchne aur new markets mein expand karne mein aasaani ho gayi hai. Consumer behavior: Consumer behavior trade in services par bhi impact dal sakti hai. Consumer preferences aur spending patterns ke changes demand for services ko, both domestically aur internationally, affect kar sakte hain. Consumer behavior ke understanding service providers ke liye important hoti hai jo new markets mein expand karna chahte hain. |
| 18 | Write a detailed note on the Institutional set up 20 established by Govt. of India to boost India’s Foreign Trade. (June, 2017) Answer: Govt. of India ne bharat ke videshi trade ko boost karne ke liye kai institutions establish ki hai jo trade, investment aur commerce ko promote karne aur goods aur services ke flow ko facilitate karne ke liye responsible hai. Iske important institutions hai – Ministry of Commerce and Industry: Yeh bharat ke videshi trade ke development aur regulation ke liye main government department hai. Yeh trade policies banane aur implement karne, trade agreements negotiate karne aur bharat ke trade aur investment interests ko abroad promote karne ke liye responsible hai. Directorate General of Foreign Trade (DGFT): Yeh bharat ke videshi trade ke administration ke main regulatory body hai. Yeh trade policies implement karne, export aur import ke liye licences aur certificates issue karne aur exporters aur importers ko support aur guidance dena ke liye responsible hai. Export Promotion Councils (EPCs): Yeh non-profit organisations hai jo specific sectors of India’s foreign trade ko promote karne ke liye establish ki gayi hai. EPCs exporters ko information, support aur assistance provide karte hai aur unko new markets explore aur new customers find karne mein help karte hai. Trade Development Authority of India (TDAP): Yeh autonomous organisation hai jo bharat ke videshi trade ko promote aur develop karne ke liye establish ki gayi hai. Yeh trade fairs aur exhibitions organise karna aur exporters aur importers ko market research aur product development jaise areas mein support dena ke liye responsible hai. India Trade Promotion Organization (ITPO): Yeh autonomous organisation hai jo bharat ke videshi trade ko promote aur develop karne ke liye establish ki gayi hai. Yeh trade fairs aur exhibitions organise karna aur exporters aur importers ko market research aur product development jaise areas mein support dena ke liye responsible hai. Indian Council for Research on International Economic Relations (ICRIER): Yeh independent research organisation hai jo bharat ke videshi trade ko promote aur develop karne ke liye establish ki gayi hai. Yeh trade aur investment par research aur analysis karna aur government ke liye policy recommendations dena ke liye responsible hai. Special Economic Zones (SEZs): Yeh bharat ke andar designated regions hai jo unique economic aur trade laws, regulations aur incentives ke subject hai jisse videshi trade aur investment promote ki jaye. SEZs ka goal hai ek business friendly environment create karna, foreign capital aur technology attract karna, economic development boost karna aur jobs create karna. India Brand Equity Foundation (IBEF): Yeh Ministry of Commerce and Industry dwara establish ki gayi ek trust hai jisse India brand ko globally promote aur build kiya jaye. Yeh India ko investment destination ke roop mein promote karna aur country ke strengths aur achievements ko various sectors mein highlight karna ke liye responsible hai. In institutions bharat ke videshi trade ko promote aur develop karne, aur global market ke opportunities ka advantage uthane mein crucial role play karte hai. Business ko support, information aur assistance denekar yeh institutions trade aur investment ke favorable environment create karte hai aur economic growth aur development drive karte hai. |
| 19 | How Balance of Payments are different from 20 Balance of Trade ? What is current account deficit ? How is it managed in obtaining equilibrium in Balance of Payments of India ? Give examples. (June, 2017) Answer:Balance of Payments (BOP) aur Balance of Trade (BOT) dono alag-alag economic concepts hain jo ek desh ke rest of the world ke saath huye economic activity ko measure karne ke liye use kiye jate hain. Balance of Trade (BOT) sirf goods (physical products) ke exports aur imports ke beech ki difference ko refer karta hai. Positive BOT ka matlab hai ki ek desh ke exports uske imports se zyada hain, jabki negative BOT ka matlab hai ki ek desh ke imports uske exports se zyada hain. Balance of Payments (BOP) iske alawa ek desh ke rest of the world ke saath huye sabhi economic transactions ka record hota hai. Isme sirf goods ke trade ke alawa services, investments aur financial flows ke trade bhi include hote hain. Positive BOP ka matlab hai ki ek desh ke international transactions se uske spending se zyada earn kar rahi hai, jabki negative BOP ka matlab hai ki ek desh ke international transactions pe uske earn se zyada spend kar rahi hai. Current Account Deficit (CAD) ek aisa situation hota hai jab ek desh ke goods, services aur investments ke imports uske exports se zyada hote hain. Ye negative BOP ka result hota hai. Persistent CAD ek concern ka karan ban sakta hai kyunki ye iska matlab hota hai ki ek desh rest of the world se apne consumption aur investment ko finance karne ke liye borrow kar rahi hai. India ke CAD ko manage karke BOP mein equilibrium achieve karne ke liye, Indian government kai measures adopt kar sakti hai. Inme se kuch measures hain: Exports ko encourage karna: Government domestic industries ko incentives aur support dena chahiye taaki unke exports badh sake aur trade deficit kam ho. Imports ko reduce karna: Government kisi specific imported goods pe tariffs, duties aur restrictions laga kar imports ko reduce kar sakti hai. Foreign Investments ko attract karna: Government investment-friendly environment create karni chahiye taaki foreign capital aur technology India mein aa sake. Remittances ko increase karna: Government Indians jo abroad work kar rahe hain unko zyada money apne ghar bhejne ke liye encourage karni chahiye, jisse foreign currency ke inflow mein increase hogi. Jaise, recent years mein, Indian government ne CAD ko reduce karne aur BOP mein equilibrium achieve karne ke liye kai measures liye hain. Inme se kuch measures hain goods aur services ke exports increase karne, India mein investment promote karne aur abroad work karne wale Indians se remittances encourage karne. Additionally, government ne imports ko reduce karne ke liye duties aur restrictions lagaane ke bhi steps liye hain. In measures ke result se, India ne apne CAD ko reduce kiya aur stable BOP achieve kiya hai. |
| 20 | Role of bilateral trade relations with various countries in India’s Foreign Trade improvement. Answer:Bilateral trade relationships India ke foreign trade ko behtar banane mein mukhya role nibhate hain. Yahaan India ke bilateral trade agreements ke zariye India ke exporters ko partner desh mein badhkar market access milta hai, jo exports ko badhne mein madad karta hai aur Indian goods ke market ko badhane mein madad karta hai. Trade Relations sudharne: Bilateral trade agreements India aur unke trading partners ke beech ke trade relations ko sudharne mein madad karti hain, jo dono deshon ke beech ke vishwaas aur samajh ko badhane ke kaaran ek stable platform banata hai trade aur investment ke liye. Trade Barriers kam hote hain: Bilateral trade agreements mein aksar tariffs, duties aur non-tariff barriers jaise trade barriers ko kam karne ke provisions hote hain. Yeh Indian exporters ke partner desh ke sath trade karne mein aasan aur cost-effective banata hai. Investments badhte hain: Bilateral trade agreements India mein foreign investment ko badhane mein madad kar sakte hain, jo desh mein economic growth aur job creation ko spur kar sakta hai. Technology Transfer hota hai: Bilateral trade agreements Indian aur foreign companies ke beech technology transfer aur collaboration ke mauke pradan kar sakte hain. Yeh Indian firms ke competitiveness ko improve karne aur unke growth ko support karne mein madad kar sakta hai. Market Intelligence badhta hai: Bilateral trade relations Indian exporters ko unke partner desh ke needs aur requirements ke baare mein badhkar insight pradan karte hain. Yeh unhe us market ke specific needs ke anusar apne products aur services ko tailor karne mein madad karta hai. SMEs ke liye Support hota hai: Bilateral trade agreements India ke Small aur Medium Enterprises (SMEs) ke liye specific support pradan kar sakte hain. Yeh yeh firms ko naye markets mein enter karne aur apna business badhane mein madad kar sakta hai. Infrastructure sudharta hai: Bilateral trade agreements India ke better infrastructure ke vikas ke kaaran ho sakte hain, jaise ports, airports aur highways. Yeh Indian firms ke competitiveness ko improve karne aur unke partner deshon ke sath trade karne mein aasan banane mein madad kar sakta hai. Competition badhta hai: Bilateral trade agreements India ke market mein competition ko badhne ke kaaran ho sakte hain. Yeh innovation aur quality mein improvement ko drive kar sakta hai, jo Indian firms ke global market mein competitiveness ko badhane ke kaaran ho sakta hai. New Markets ke liye Access milta hai: Bilateral trade agreements Indian exporters ko unke otherwise nahi pahunch sakte naye markets ke access pradan kar sakte hain. Yeh unke customer base ko diversify karne aur ek hi market par nirbhar hone ke risk ko kam karne mein madad kar sakta |
| S.NO | These are the Important Question of IBO-03 |
| 1 | New Industrial Policy Answer: New Industrial Policy ka uddeshya desh ke udyogon ko badhava dena hai aur unke vikas ko tezi se badhana hai. Is policy ke madhyam se sarkar ke dwara udyogon ke liye suvidhaye pradan ki jayengi, jaise ki vyaparik anudan, shulk rahat aur sevaon ka vistar. Is policy ka ek mukhya lakshya hai bharat ke udyogon ko videshi udyogon se takkar dene ke liye unki takat ko badhana. Iske alava, nai udyogon ko aasan karanon ke dwara sthapit karne aur mahilaon aur chhote udyogon ko protsahan dene ke liye bhi yojanaen shuru ki jayengi. New Industrial Policy ke tahat, udyogon ko unnat banane ke liye kuch mukhya kadam uthaye jayenge jaise ki paryavaran hiton ko dhyan mein rakhna, adhik se adhik rojgar dena, tatha samajik aur arthik vikas ko dhyan mein rakhna. Is policy ka lakshya hai bharat ko ek viksit rashtra ki sthapna karna aur udyogon ke vikas se desh ki arthik sthiti ko sudharna. |
| 2 | Causes of Adverse Balance of Payments Answer: Adverse balance of payments ka matlab hota hai ki ek desh ki videshi mudra se hone wali niryat aur nyuntam ke beech ka balance galat hai. Yani ki, desh ke bahar se aane wali mudra ki matra desh ke bahar jaa rahi mudra ki matra se adhik hai. Iska karan kuch aise ho sakte hain: Videshi Mudra ki Avashyakta: Agar ek desh mein kuch aise saman ya seva hai jiski avashyakta videshi mudra se poori hoti hai, to isse adverse balance of payments ho sakta hai. Videshi Vittapoorti: Agar ek desh ki vittapoorti ke liye videshi mudra ki zarurat hoti hai aur vah vittapoorti desh mein kam ya na ke barabar hoti hai, to isse adverse balance of payments ho sakta hai. Mudra ki Suraksha: Jab ek desh ke log apne paiso ko bachane ke liye bahar ke deshon mein invest karte hain aur videshi mudra ko kharidte hain, tab bhi adverse balance of payments ho sakta hai. Tariff Aur Non-Tariff Boundedness: Agar kisi desh mein videshi saman ya sevaon par kuch tariffein ya non-tariff boundedness laga diya jata hai, to isse bhi adverse balance of payments ho sakta hai. Kam Mudra ki Kimat: Agar desh ki mudra ki kimat kam ho jati hai, to isse videshi mudra ke saath vyapar karne wale deshon mein interest kam ho jata hai, jisse adverse balance of payments ho sakta hai. In sabhi karanon ke karan, ek desh ki mudra ke nyuntam aur videshi mudra se hone wale niryat ke beech ka balance galat ho sakta hai, jisse adverse balance of payments ka samna karna padta hai. |
| 3 | South Asian Association of Regional Answer: South Asian Association of Regional Cooperation (SAARC) ek regional intergovernmental organization hai jo 1985 mein sthapit ki gayi thi. Is organization ke uddeshya South Asian region ke deshon ke beech sahayog aur vikas ko badhana hai. SAARC ke member desh hai – Bharat, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, Nepal, Bhutan aur Maldives. Is organization ka mukhya karyakram sahayog, vyapar aur vikas ke liye hai. SAARC ke madhyam se deshon ke beech vyapar aur sahakari yojanaon ke liye suvidhayen di jati hain. SAARC ke dwara, deshon ke beech bhasha, sanskriti, shiksha, vigyan, aur technology ke adan-pradan ko badhaya jata hai. Iske alava, is organization ke dwara samudri aur hawaaiya sahayog ko bhi badhaya jata hai. SAARC ke member deshon mein badhte hue khudra vyapar aur vyapar ki suvidhaon ke liye, SAARC chamber of commerce and industry jaise organizationen bhi shuru kiye gaye hain. SAARC ke dwara, bharat-pakistan aur bharat-bangladesh ke beech kuch vishesh economic corridors bhi banaye ja rahe hain. SAARC ka lakshya deshon ke beech sahayog, vyapar aur vikas ko badhana hai, jisse South Asian region mein arthik aur samajik vikas ki prakriya ko badhava mil sake. |
| 4 | Government’s measures to enhance agricultural exports Answer: Bharat ke kisanon ko aage badhane ke liye sarkar ne kuch measures liye hain jisse unke liye arthik vikas ke avsar badhaye ja sake. Kuch measures niche diye gaye hain: Kisan Rail: Kisanon ke liye Railways ne ‘Kisan Rail’ shuru kiya hai jisse unke liye aasani se khet se bazar tak unke saman ko bhejne ka avsar milta hai. Operation Greens: Is yojana ke tahat, kisanon ko behtar keemat par apne fasalon ka sauda karne ke liye sahayata pradan ki jati hai aur unke beech ki dalali kam ki jati hai. Kisan Credit Card: Kisanon ko behtar karz ke liye Kisan Credit Card jaise yojanao ka labh diya jata hai. PM-KISAN: Pradhan Mantri Kisan Samman Nidhi yojana ke tahat, kisanon ko har saal 6000 rupaye ke taur par rashi pradan ki jati hai. Rashtriya Krishi Vikas Yojana: Is yojana ke tahat, kisanon ke liye aarthik suvidhaen jaise bijli, kheti ke upkaran, sinchai, vaigyanik taknikiyon ka prayog adi ki suvidhaen di jati hain. Export Promotion: Sarkar ne kisanon ke liye kheti ke prakriya aur upkaranon mein sudhar kiye hain jisse unke liye bahar ke deshon mein behtar market ka avsar mil sake. E-NAM: National Agriculture Market (e-NAM) ke tahat kisanon ko apne fasalon ko behtar keemat par bechne ke liye ek desh ke bazaar tak pahuchne ka suvidha pradan kiya jata hai. In measures ke tahat, sarkar kisanon ke liye arthik vikas ke avsar badhane ke liye alag-alag yojanaon ko shuru ki hai jisse kisanon ki aay badh sake aur unhe behtar bechne ka avsar bhi mil sake. |
| 5 | State the major aspects of recent foreign direct investment (FDI) policy.(December, 2013 ) Answer:Recent FDI policy mein kuch important aspects hain: Ease of Doing Business: Government ne companies ke liye business start aur operate karne ke liye process ko asan banane ki koshish ki hai. Liberalisation: Government ne FDI ke liye restrictions kam karke sector mein foreign companies ke aane ka mauka badhaya hai. Single Window Clearance: Ab ek hi platform par sabhi FDI related approvals aur clearances mil jate hain, jisse processing time kam ho gaya hai. Sector-specific Relaxations: Kuch specific sectors jaise retail, aviation, defence aur media mein FDI ke liye restrictions kam kar diye gaye hain. Automatic Route: Kuch sectors mein ab FDI ko automatic route par lene ka option hai, jisse prior government approval ki jarurat nahi hai. In conclusion, recent FDI policy mein simplicity, liberalisation aur investment promotion ke liye kuch important steps liye gaye hain. |
| 6 | What is special economic zone (SEZ) ?Describe the benefits and facilities to units in SEZ. (December, 2013 ) Answer:Special Economic Zone (SEZ) ek aisa area hota hai jaha special economic policies apply hote hain jise us area mein business aur economic growth badh sakti hai. SEZ mein ke aise benefits aur facilities hote hain jisse companies ko fayda hota hai: Tax Benefits: SEZ units ko excise aur income tax ke exemptions aur reductions milte hain. Infrastructure: SEZ mein world class infrastructure aur facilities jaise power, water, roads, transportation etc. available hote hain. Ease of Doing Business: SEZ mein regulatory formalities aur procedures simplify kar diye gaye hain, jisse companies ko business start aur operate karne mein aasaani hoti hai. Custom Clearance: SEZ mein custom clearance bahut jald ho jata hai, jisse companies ko time aur cost saving hota hai. Access to Market: SEZ mein foreign companies ke liye access to India ke market aur local resources available hota hai. In conclusion, SEZ units ko tax benefits, world-class infrastructure, ease of doing business, fast custom clearance aur market access jaise facilities milte hain jisse unko business grow karne mein madad milti hai. |
| 7 | Constraints hampering India’s Export Promotion Efforts Answer:There are several constraints that hamper India’s export promotion efforts: Infrastructure: India’s inadequate and outdated infrastructure, including ports, roads, and power, can hinder the efficiency and competitiveness of exports. Bureaucracy and red tape: Exporters often face lengthy and complicated procedures to obtain necessary licences, permits, and certifications, which can delay exports and increase costs. Lack of Support Services: India’s exports sector lacks adequate support services, such as trade financing, market intelligence, and trade promotion, which can limit the competitiveness of exports. Poor Logistics: Inefficient and unreliable logistics, including transport, storage, and distribution, can increase the cost and reduce the competitiveness of exports. Trade Barriers: India’s exports face trade barriers, including high tariffs, trade restrictions, and standards and regulations that are different from other countries, which can reduce exports. Competition: India’s exports face intense competition from other countries, especially China, which can make it difficult for India’s exports to compete in international markets. In conclusion, these constraints, including inadequate infrastructure, bureaucracy, lack of support services, poor logistics, trade barriers, and intense competition, are hampering India’s export promotion efforts and reducing its competitiveness in international markets. |
| 8 | Measures for export development of gems and jewellery. Answer:Gems and jewellery sector ke export development ke liye kuch measures hain: Industry Upgradation: Gems and jewellery sector mein latest technology aur techniques ka use karne ke liye industry ko upgrade karna hoga, jisse quality aur efficiency improve ho. Infrastructure Development: Gems and jewellery sector ke liye adequate infrastructure, including power, transport aur storage facilities, ka provision karna hoga jisse efficiency aur competitiveness increase ho. Marketing and Promotion: Gems and jewellery sector ko promote karne ke liye government aur industry ke beech partnerships establish karne hote hain aur overseas markets mein exhibitions, trade fairs aur roadshows organize karne hote hain. Support Services: Gems and jewellery sector ke liye support services, including trade financing, market intelligence aur trade promotion, ka provision karna hoga jisse competitiveness increase ho. Quality Certification: Gems and jewellery products ko international standards ke according certify karne ke liye labs aur institutions establish karne hote hain jisse exports mein trust aur confidence increase ho. Export Incentives: Gems and jewellery sector ke exports ko increase karne ke liye government export incentives, including tax benefits, subsidies aur duty-free imports, ka provision karna hoga. In conclusion, yeh measures, including industry upgradation, infrastructure development, marketing and promotion, support services, quality certification, and export incentives, gems and jewellery sector ke export development ke liye effective hain aur competitiveness aur growth ke liye important hain. |
| 9 | What are the objectives of the SAARC and SAFTA ? Examine India-SAARC trade prospects. (June, 2015) Answer:SAARC (South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation) aur SAFTA (South Asian Free Trade Area) ke objectives kya hain: SAARC: SAARC ke objective regional cooperation aur integration promote karna hai, jisse South Asian countries ke development aur prosperity increase hui hai. Isme, countries ke beech trade, investment, aur people-to-people contact increase karne ke liye efforts kiye jate hain. SAFTA: SAFTA ke objective South Asian countries ke beech trade liberalisation aur promotion karna hai, jisse regional countries ke economic growth aur prosperity increase hui hai. SAFTA ke under, South Asian countries ke beech trade barriers reduce hote hain, aur tariffs aur quotas ke elimination ke liye efforts kiye jate hain. In conclusion, SAARC ke objective regional cooperation aur integration promote karna hai, aur SAFALTA ke objective South Asian countries ke beech trade liberalisation aur promotion karna hai. India-SAARC trade prospects ke examination ke liye, kuch points hain: Growing Trade Relations: India aur SAARC countries ke beech trade relations bahut fast grow kar rahe hain, jisse regional economic integration aur prosperity increase hui hai. Increasing Trade Flows: India-SAARC trade flows ke beech fast increase ho raha hai, jisse regional countries ke economic linkages aur interdependence strengthen hote jaa rahe hain. Potential for Further Growth: India-SAARC trade ke liye bahut saare opportunities hain, jisse regional trade aur economic growth ko boost kiya ja sakta hai, including increasing market access, reducing trade barriers, aur promoting investment. Challenges: India-SAARC trade ke liye kuch challenges bhi hain, including non-tariff barriers, infrastructure constraints, aur limited regional connectivity, jisse regional trade aur economic growth ko restrict kar sakte hain. In conclusion, India-SAARC trade prospects bahut bright hain, but challenges ke overcome. Karne ke liye efforts kiye jana chahiye. Regional trade aur economic integration ke increase ke liye, trade barriers ko reduce karna, infrastructure ko improve karna, aur regional connectivity ko increase karna jaruri hai |
| 10 | Role of International Finance Corporations. Answer:International Finance Corporations (IFCs) ke kaam, global economy ke growth aur development ke liye private sector ko support karna hai. IFCs investments, loans, aur technical assistance provide karte hain companies aur financial institutions ke liye jinki madad se unhe unki goals tak pahuchana hota hai. Iske alawa, IFCs developing countries ke private sector ko bhi strengthen karte hain, jisse unki economic growth aur competitiveness badh jati hai. IFCs ka main goal hai poverty reduction aur sustainable development ke liye madad karna. |
| 11 | Special Economic Zones (SEZ). Answer:Special Economic Zones (SEZs) ka matlab hai, ek desh ke andar ke kuch aise bhaag jo alag economic aur trade ke niyam, kanoon aur suvidhaao ke adhin hain jinka maqsad foreign trade aur investment ko badhava dena hai. SEZs ka maksad hai, ek aisi mulyaavardhit vyavastha banane ki jo business ke liye sahi ho, jisme foreign capital aur technology ko attract kiya ja sake, economic development badhi aur naukriyaan banaai ja sake. SEZs mein karyarat businesses ke liye di jaane waali suvidhaaon maine tax holidays, streamlined customs procedures aur relaxed labor laws shamil hain. |
| 12 | Export Promotion Capital Goods Scheme (EPCG Scheme) Answer:EPCG Scheme hai ek scheme jiska maksad desh ke videshi niryat ko badhava dene ka hai. Is scheme ke under eligible companies ko capital goods ke import ke liye custom duty mein kami ke saath permission di jati hai, bas usme kuch conditions fulfill karne padte hain jaise export obligation aur aur kuchh specified requirements. Is scheme ka maksad hai indian companies ko advance technology aur modern machinery import karne mein madad karna jisse unke manufacturing capabilities upgrade ho jayein aur videshi niryat badhe. EPCG Scheme indian companies ke liye production processes upgrade karne, productivity aur quality badhane aur naye markets mein jaana ka cost-effective aur efficient solution provide karti hai. Is scheme ne bahut se indian companies ko competitive banane aur unki global market mein presence badhane mein madad ki hai. |
| 13 | Duty Exemption and Remission Scheme (DER Scheme). How to avail these schemes by the exporters of India ? Answer:DER Scheme ki saari fayde hasil karne ke liye, India ke exporters ko niche diye gaye steps follow karni padti hai: DGFT se Register karein: DER Scheme ke liye eligible hona, pehle exporter ko DGFT se register karna jaruri hota hai jiska kaam yah hai scheme ko implement karna. Application submit karein: Exporter ko DGFT ko Duty Exemption and Remission certificate hasil karne ke liye application submit karni padti hai jisme jaruri documents aur information attach honi chahiye. Export Obligation pura kare: Certificate mein specify ki gayi export obligation ko specified time frame mein pura karna jaruri hota hai jisme exports ke report DGFT tak bheje jaana hota hai. Fayde claim karein: Export obligation pura karne ke baad, exporter DER Scheme ki saari fayde including taxes aur duties jinka use export ke liye kiya gaya hota hai, ke exemption ke fayde claim kar sakta hai. In short, DER Scheme ke fayde hasil karne ke liye, Indian exporters ko DGFT se register karna, application submit karna, export obligation pura karna aur specified steps complete karne ke baad fayde claim karna hota hai. |
| 14 | Features of FEMA (Foreign Exchange Management Act). Answer: FEMA ke features: Foreign Exchange regulation – FEMA regulates all foreign exchange transactions in India. Penalty for Violations – Isko follows na karna penalty ka threat hota hai. Liberalised Remittance Scheme – Indian citizens ko foreign currency ke remittances ke liye simplified process provide kiya gaya hai. Authorization of Dealers – Dealers ko FEMA ke under authorised kiya gaya hai jo foreign exchange ke transactions handle karte hain. Control over Capital Account Transactions – Government capital account transactions ko control karne ke liye powers hai FEMA ke under. Powers to RBI – RBI ko FEMA ke under powers di gayi hain foreign exchange ko regulate karne ke liye. In short, FEMA foreign exchange transactions ko regulate karta hai aur Indian citizens aur companies ke foreign exchange dealings ko simplify karta hai. |
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