Balance of Payments (BoP) ek aarthik prakriya hai jo ek desh ke bahar se aane vaale dhanraashi aur us desh ke bahar jaane vaale dhanraashi ke bheetar ka hisaab hai. Balance of Payments ek aarthik skript hai, jo dhanraashi sankhyaon ke prati saadharan bhugataan suraksha sambandhit prakriya hai.
BoP ke kai prakaar ke khate hote hain, jaise Nivesh Khata, Videsh Dhan Khata, Udyog Khata, Mudra Khata, Current Account, aur Capital Account. Current Account khata bahar se aane vaale aur desh ke bahar jaane vaale dhanraashi ke saath sambandhit hota hai, jabki Capital Account khata videsh nivesh aur videsh dhan ke prati hota hai.
Discuss the measures adopted to improve India’s Balance of Payments.
India ke liye Balance of Payments ko sudhaarane ke liye kai naietiik aur aarthik upaay hain, jinamen se kuchh nimnalikhit hain:
- Export Promotion: India ne apane nivesh aur vyapar ke liye kee naietiik neetiyan laagoo kee hain, jisase videsh se adhik maal evam sevaon ka niryat ho saka hai.
- Import Substitution: India ne apane aapavaah ko kam karane aur apane swadeshee udyogon ko badhava dene ke liye “Import Substitution” ka vikaas kiya hai.
- Foreign Investment: Videshee nivesh ki aamantranaon ko badhaava dene ke liye, India ne foreign direct investment (FDI) ko badhaava diya hai.
- Currency devaluation: India ne mudra kee kimat ko dhimee gati se ghataya hai, jisase Bharat kee maal evam sevaon ke videsh mein saarvajanik upalabdhata aur maang ke beech saamaanata bana rahe.
- External Borrowing: Bharat ne videshee karj lena band nahi kiya hai, lekin isaki maatra ko niyantrit rakhane kee koshish kee hai.
In sabhi naietiik upaayon ka uddeshy Bharat ke Balance of Payments ko sudhaarana hai taki desh kee arthavyavastha aur aarthik unnayan mein sudhaar ho sake.